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Welding of Tool Steels

Welding of Tool Steels

What are Tool Steels, What are their Types?Tool steels are steels with high hardness, toughness or high temperature resistance used in shaping a wide variety of materials by processes such as machining, cutting, drilling, pressing, casting, and forging. It is divided into four groups as cold work tool steels, hot work tool steels, plastic tool steels, and high-speed tool steels:Cold Work Tool Steels: Tool steels used in applications below 200 °C are in this group. Abrasion wear is often encountered on tools. The hard wear resistant carbides required for steels are usually provided with chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, and tungsten. Threading tools, scissor knives, cutting tools, bolt head forging tools, and deep drawing tools can be given as examples to this group.Hot Work Tool Steels: They are tool steels used at temperatures above 200 °C. High temperature resistance is provided by elements such as molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium. Forging dies, forging tools, casting dies, continuous casting rolls, hot cutting blades, and hammering dies, can be given as examples for hot work tool steels.High Speed Tool Steels: They are tool steels that can remove chips by maintaining their hardness even at high temperatures, in a way that the end of the tool will be hot. In addition to adding elements such as tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium chromium to the material, hot rolling and special heat treatment suitable for the material should be applied for homogeneous distribution of carbides in order to give the material the desired strength at high temperatures. Cutting and drilling tools that maintain their hardness even at 600 °C can be given as an example for this group.Plastic Work Tool Steels: They are generally used in shaping plastics by injection, extrusion, blowing, and pressing techniques. Compared to other tool steels, they have higher corrosion resistance, polishability, and patterning capabilities. They contain alloying elements such as chromium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, and aluminum.How to Perform the Welding of Tool Steels?Steels containing more than 0.2 percent carbon have low welding capability. Welding of tool steels with a carbon ratio of 0.8 - 1.5% is a very difficult process due to the high risk of cracking. Hence, repair and maintenance welding are applied in tool steels rather than joining. Welding is mainly applied in processes such as hard facing applications of worn surfaces and repair of cracks, except for the joint welds made for the revision of the mold due to the design change and the obligation of combining the prepared parts into a mold.Preliminary Preparation: It is important to control and prepare beforehand the surface of the part before the welding application of the tool steels. Surface cleanliness should be checked and factors such as oil and dirt have to be cleaned before application. Whether there are cracks on the surface of the part or not should be examined visually or with a penetrant test and, if there is any crack formation, it must in any case be cleaned by intervening before welding. “U” welding end should be preferred in welding end design.Preheat: It is important to preheat before welding. Preheating reduces the risk of warping and cracking by reducing the cooling rate. The preheating temperature should be below the tempering temperature of the tool steel and 50-100 °C above the martensitic transformation temperature of the weld metal to be used. During welding, the weld zone should always be kept within this temperature range. Preheating temperature is recommended as 200-300 °C for tool steels made of low alloy steels, 300-400 °C for tool steels made of high alloy steels, 400-600 °C for hot work tool steels, and 400-500 °C for high-speed tool steels. Heating should be slow and homogeneous. The recommended heating rate is 50 °C/hour.Welding Application and Selection of the Filler Material In the welding of tool steels, attempts must be made to keep the heat input low. Welding methods with low heat input such as TIG should be preferred, and if electric arc welding is to be applied, electrodes with as small diameter as possible should be used. It is recommended to weld by using minimum voltage and current parameters in all welding methods.After each pass, the slag cleaning should be performed carefully and lightly hammered while the seam is hot. Slow cooling of the seam after welding is important.Sharp corners and edges should not be allowed to form after welding. Crater formation should be prevented at the end of welding.In hard filling applications that require multiple passes, the number of passes should not exceed 3. Buffer welding can be applied between the base material and the hard filling application.GeKatec 229 SUPER electrodes can be used for buffer welding or GeKa Elox SG 312 MIG or TIG wires for gas metal arc welding applications.In tool steel welding applications, the chemical composition of the tool steel, the heat treatment condition, and the desired hardness value if hard filling is to be applied, play an important role in the selection of the filling material. In normalized tool steels, the chemical composition of the filler material is desired to be the same as that of the tool steel, while in hardened tool steels, the properties such as hardness and temperature resistance of the weld metal are expected to be similar.While GekaTec Tool 60 electrode is used in hard filling applications of cold work tool steels, very satisfactory results are obtained with GeKatec Tool 55 SG and GeKatec Tool 60 SG arc welding wires and rods. The welding filler of GekaTec Tool 60 electrode and GeKatec Tool 60 SG arc welding wires and rods are in the structure of speed steel and are also preferred in hard filling applications of high-speed steels. GeKatec Tool 45 SG welding wire, which is used in filler welding of hot work tool steels, provides very good resistance to abrasion and impact at high temperatures. 

Hülya Gedik Discusses Industry and Economic Agenda in Media and Academia

Hülya Gedik Discusses Industry and Economic Agenda in Media and Academia

Our Chairwoman of the Board at Gedik Holding, Hülya Gedik, participated in an interview broadcast on CNBC-e at our Gedik Kaynak production facility in Hendek. The program was moderated by Şafak Tükle.During the discussion, current developments in the industrial and economic agenda were addressed. Hülya Gedik shared her insights on global trade balances, Turkey’s competitiveness, and the future of the industry. She also provided perspectives on the operations within our production facilities and Gedik’s strong position in the sector.Bloomberg HT “60 Minutes”: The Impact of International Trade on TurkeyOn September 25, Hülya Gedik appeared on Bloomberg HT’s “60 Minutes” program as the Chairperson of the DEİK Turkey-India Business Council. The discussion focused on the potential effects of the free trade agreement between the European Union and India on Turkey.Hülya Gedik emphasized the significance of this development for both the economy and industry, sharing her views on how changes in global trade dynamics could influence Turkey’s competitiveness and the future of its industrial sectors.Meeting with Students at SUBÜ: Sharing Knowledge and ExperienceOur Chairwoman of the Board, Hülya Gedik, met with the academic staff at Sakarya University of Applied Sciences (SUBÜ) upon the invitation of the Career Center.During the event, she shared her knowledge and experiences with students in an engaging talk aimed at inspiring their career journeys. Hülya Gedik expressed her gratitude to Rector Prof. Dr. Mehmet Sarıbıyık and the Career Center team for organizing the program.

GEDIQ: Gedik Kaynak’s Next-Generation Digital Assistant

GEDIQ: Gedik Kaynak’s Next-Generation Digital Assistant

Quick, Accurate, and Reliable Access to InformationThe GEDIQ Artificial Intelligence Assistant has been developed to ensure that users can access the information they need quickly, accurately, and reliably. With its comprehensive data structure, it simplifies information access for both individual users and business partners.Easy Access to Product InformationGEDIQ provides detailed descriptions of Gedik Kaynak products. It delivers all items featured in the product catalogs along with their technical details, enabling users to access all necessary information about a product from a single point.Comprehensive Information About Gedik Holding and Group CompaniesThe assistant is not limited to product information—it also shares extensive content about the companies under the Gedik Holding umbrella. This allows users to access up-to-date information about the activities and corporate structure of the Gedik Group.Sales Network and Contact InformationGEDIQ also provides information about the sales network located in Turkey and different regions of the world. Users can easily find the contact details of their regional sales managers and access the dealer networks specific to their location.A New Era in Digital TransformationWith GEDIQ, Gedik Kaynak has taken another user-focused step by digitalizing the process of information access. This AI-powered assistant stands as a tangible example of the company’s digital transformation vision, representing innovation, accessibility, and technological advancement.

Gedik’s Innovative Solutions at Schweissen & Schneiden 2025 in Germany

Gedik’s Innovative Solutions at Schweissen & Schneiden 2025 in Germany

SCHWEISSEN & SCHNEIDEN 2025 was held from September 15–19 in Essen, Germany. As one of the most prestigious meeting points for welding and cutting technologies, the fair brought together industry professionals from all around the world. Gedik took its place at this major event, showcasing its innovative solutions and wide range of products.International Collaborations and Technology PresentationThroughout the exhibition, visitors were introduced to the latest advancements in welding technologies. At the same time, international collaborations were strengthened, and valuable insights about the future of the industry were shared. This event provided a significant opportunity for Gedik to demonstrate its innovative approach and global vision.62 Years of Experience and a Global VisionWith 62 years of experience and industry expertise, Gedik continues to showcase its leadership and innovative solutions in welding technologies on international platforms. The company’s global vision reinforces its goal of being a pioneer in welding and cutting technologies.

Gedik Kaynak Meets International Visitors at the FABTECH Fair in the United States

Gedik Kaynak Meets International Visitors at the FABTECH Fair in the United States

Gedik Kaynak showcased its latest welding technologies and innovative solutions to international visitors at the FABTECH Fair held in Chicago, USA. Throughout the event, the company attracted great interest from both industry professionals and participants from various countries. Visitors had the opportunity to receive detailed information about the displayed products and technologies.Turkey’s Expertise Stands Out in International VisitDuring the event, the Consul General of the Republic of Turkey in Chicago, Mr. Tahir Bora Atatanır, and the Commercial Attaché, Dr. Ahmet Samet Tekoğlu, visited the Gedik Kaynak booth. This visit not only strengthened Gedik Kaynak’s position on the international stage but also highlighted Turkey’s expertise in welding technologies at a global level.Gedik Kaynak’s Global VisionIn line with its global vision, Gedik Kaynak will continue to bring the latest advancements in welding technologies to professionals around the world. By maintaining its focus on innovative solutions that make a difference in the industry, the company continues to reinforce its leadership goal in the international market.

Locally Produced GeKaLaser Laser Welding Machines Achieve Their First Sales

Locally Produced GeKaLaser Laser Welding Machines Achieve Their First Sales

The M Series GeKaLaser laser welding machines, developed by our Machinery R&D team, have successfully completed their trial production phase and achieved their first sales. This development holds great significance both for our company and for the Turkish manufacturing industry, as it represents a strong step forward in delivering globally competitive solutions.Advantages of GeKaLaser Laser Welding MachinesThe new generation of laser welding machines stands out with its high-precision laser beam, minimal heat input, and low deformation rate. As a result, they provide much higher quality and more efficient outcomes compared to conventional welding methods.Their high speed and superior seam quality, especially in joining thin sheets and delicate components, make these machines an ideal solution for various industries.Local Production and Competitive Price AdvantageBeing locally manufactured, GeKaLaser machines are offered to the market at competitive prices, reinforcing our brand’s leadership in this field. Developed in Turkey, this technology positions both our company and the Turkish manufacturing industry in a strong and competitive place globally, thanks to its excellence in quality and efficiency.

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